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Euphorbia remyi var. remyi

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Euphorbiaceae Genus: Euphorbia

‘akoko, ‘ekoko, koko, kōkōmālei

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs.

Stems: Stems erect to scandent, 0.3–2 m long, glabrous, flowering branches 1–6 mm in diameter.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, decussate. Blades elliptic to oblong or broadly lanceolate, 35–165 mm long, 15–75 mm wide. Apex broadly acute to acuminate or rounded, sometimes retuse. Base cuneate to rounded or obtuse, oblique. Surfaces glabrous, rarely pubescent at basal margin. Margins entire. Petioles channeled above, 2–20 mm long, glabrous or pilose above. Stipules acute to rounded–triangular, 1–2 mm long, ciliate, erose, caducous and leaving a scar.

Flowers: Flowers in cyathia glabrous, and solitary in the leaf axils; peduncles 3–11 mm long, glabrous. involucre broadly campanulate, 1.5–4 mm high, 2.5–5 mm wide, glabrous to pilose beneath the glands, glands 4–5, purple to red, glabrous. Flowers unisexual and highly reduced. Pistillate flowers solitary, on a gynophore; staminate flowers in 5 groups or cymules, each with 1 to several flowers. Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla (petals) absent. Male flower reduced to a single stamen, with an articulation at junction of pedicel and filament, subtended by slender bracteoles. Ovary superior; styles white to red, bifid less than half their length, 1–1.5 mm long; stigma thickened.

Fruit: Capsules green to brown; glabrous; 3–5 mm long; well exserted beyond the top of the cyathia; gynophores recurved; exserted 1–3 mm from involucre; glabrous. Seeds white to brown; 2–3 mm long; smooth to shallowly rugose.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Wet forests.

Elevation Range: 400–900 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:614 (K [as Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi]); Govaerts et al. 2000:818/Yang & Berry 2011 (Syn. C. r. var. remyi = E. r. var. remyi)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris low statured wet forest with wind-swept ridges and riparian vegetation with Machaerina angustifolia, Gahnia beecheyl, Cheirodendron platyphylla, Psychotria mariniana, Antidesma platyphylla, Dubautia laxa, Broussaisia arguta, Syzygium sandwicensis, Lobella kauaiensis, Melic Preserved_Specimen shrub, few branched, in windswept shrubland with Dicranopteris, ca. 15 plants, uncommon Adans, J. 12722 Kauai BISH 2007-12-20
2 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris lowland wet shrubland with small pockets of mixed wet forest below ridgeline with Broussaisia arguta, Melicope feddei, Psychotria mariniana & P. wawrae, Kadua affinis, Antidesma platyphylla, Alyxia stellata, Syzygium sandwicensis, Dubautia laxa Preserved_Specimen vining shrub, in Dicranopteris & Diplazium ferns, preferring windy ridges, ca. 10 plants in general area Wood, K.R. 15236 Kauai BISH 2012-09-21
3 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Climbs 1 m tall in open bog. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 26764 Kauai BISH 1964-08-22
4 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Overhanging cliff at edge of rain forest. Preserved_Specimen Single long-branched sprawling shrub. Degener, O. 20423 Kauai BISH 1950-01-31
5 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros- Dicranopteris linearis wet forest. With Xylosma hawaiiense, Planchonella sandwicensis, Psychotria greenwelliae, Scaevola procera, Nestegis sandwicensis, Ilex anomala, Syzygium sandwicensis, Sadleria \\nWeeds: Passiflora mollissima Preserved_Specimen Sprawling shrub, 3 meter ht with flowers Perlman, S. 23035 Kauai BISH 2012-10-04
6 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In rainforest N of bog. Preserved_Specimen Shrub to 3 m. Lamoureux, C.H. 2653 Kauai BISH 1964-04-25
7 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Deep valley surrounded by steep cliffs, with lowland wet shrubland vegetation, understory of ferns, Cyanea, and Cyrtandra over rocky saturated soil. Preserved_Specimen Tree 2 m tall, branches ascending, latex white, leaves decussate. Cyathium reddish purple, glands dark purple. Capsules at first recurving, then erect at maturity, green with dark purple margins. Lorence, D.H. 7261 Kauai BISH 1992-08-19
8 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Shrub on crest of ridge in patch which escaped 1968 burn. Preserved_Specimen Shrub. Flw reddish with white cneters. Montgomery, S.L. 7 Kauai BISH 1970-08-27
9 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Low, open marshy wet shrubland and bogland with Metrosideros polymorpha, Antidesma platyphyllum, Dicranopteris linearis, heavily damaged by Hurricane Iniki and invaded by Clidemia, Melastoma, Psidium cattleianum, & Lantana camara. Preserved_Specimen Low shrub 0.5 m tall with white lated, leaves and cyathia with deep red tinge. Lorence, D.H. 7364 Kauai BISH 1993-04-16
10 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest. W/Alphitonia, Pouteria, Xylosma hawaiiensis, Antidesma, Bobea brevipes, Myrsine lanaiensis, Dodonaea, Wikstroemai furcata, Leptecophylla tameiameiae, Kadua affinis, Melicope ovata, M. barbigera, Euph Preserved_Specimen shrub, diffuse and scandent in surrounding vegetation, rare on steep slopes, in flower, 3 plants Wood, K.R. 15573 Kauai BISH 2013-07-17
11 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with Dicranopteris, Oreobolus, Metrosideros, Pelea Preserved_Specimen to 1 m shrub, stems vinning; cyathia dark red Lorence, D.H. 5178 Kauai BISH 1987-04-10
12 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Along ridge. Stunted forest dominated by Dicranopteris and Metrosideros. With Syzygium, Metrosideros, Antidesma and Psychotria. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling shrub of 4 ft. Leaves semi-glossy green, somewhat chlorotic above with maroon midrib and maroon tinged lateral veins, below whitish-green to pale green with maroon cast on younger leaves; newest leaves marooon; cyatheal glands maroon. Flynn, T.W. 3449 Kauai BISH 1989-07-07
13 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Exetensivly spreading over & through shrubs & small trees in rain forest. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27340 Kauai BISH 1961-03-14
14 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest. Preserved_Specimen 6 ft bush. St.John, H. 13524 Kauai BISH 1933-12-23
15 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Crest of main ridge. Preserved_Specimen Erect shrub to 1 m ht. Leaves coriaceous, reddish in sunny areas. Nagata, K.M. 2095 Kauai BISH 1980-07-31
16 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia koa-Metrosideros polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis mesic to transitional wet forest and drainage with Diplopterygium pinnatum, Sticherus owhyhensis, Syzygium sandwicensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Bobea brevipes, Ilex anomala, Wikstroemia furcata, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Polyscias waimeae, Melicope a Preserved_Specimen Shrub, vining into surrounding vegetation, stem diffuse medium brown, up to 5 cm. diameter, in flower and early fruit, cyathial gland red or green with red margin, ca. 10 plants in general area Wood, K.R. 16419 Kauai BISH 2015-04-28
17 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron mixed wet forest with dissecting drainages and matting ferns of Diplopterygium and Dicranopteris with Broussaisia arguta, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Touchardia latifolia, Pipturus albidus, P. ruber, Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Antidesma platyphylla, Polyscias oahuensis, Kadua affinis, Melico Preserved_Specimen vining shrub, along ridge line with Dicranopteris, 3 plants Wood, K.R. 15745 Kauai BISH 2013-11-25
18 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris transitional mesic to wet forest mixed understory of Coprosma waimeae, Xylosma hawaiiensis, Ilex anomala, Melicope clusiifolia, M. Kauaiensis, Pittosporum gayanum, Kadua affinis, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Myrsine linearifolia, Dubau Preserved_Specimen shrub, stems scandent in thick vegetation of Dicranopteris linearis, Zanthoxylum kauaense, Melicope clusiifolia, ca. 10 plants, mapped Wood, K.R. 15191 Kauai BISH 2012-08-16
19 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling vine-like shrub, stem 1 in dia; cyathium with purplish lobes; stems knobby. Stern, W.L. 1244 Kauai BISH 1961-08-01
20 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dwarf rain forest on upper ridge. Preserved_Specimen 2 m shrub, lvs above dark shiny green, below whitish green. St.John, H. 26038 Kauai BISH 1956-12-31
21 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Toward margin of bog; growing with 5210 & 5211. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5209 Kauai BISH 1983-12-22
22 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Lowland wet Metrosideros-Dicranopteris forest. Windswept ridges on the Kahili side of the basin and NE of Kanaele bog. W/ dwarfish Antidesma platyphyllum, Metrosideros polymorpha, Syzygium sandwicensis, Psychotria mariniana, Scaevola, Kadua affinis. Preserved_Specimen Scandant shrub. Ls green w/ purple midrib and purple tinged petiole. Some plants w/ purple diffusing through lef ballde. Fls single, petaloid appendage/ gland dark purple punctate, gynophore cream color, bent. Ovary and style red, anthers yellow. filaments white. Scattered on open windswept ridges in Dicranopteri. Tangalin, N. 1891 Kauai BISH 2009-01-21
23 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Ridge top, dark humus soil, in full sun. Wet ohia-uluhe forest, with ohia, uluhe, Pelea, Lysimachia, Bobea, Pittosporum. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 213 Kauai BISH 1978-08-03
24 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris lowland to montane wet habitat with Psychotria mariniana, Syzygium sandwicensis, Dubautia laxa var. hirtella, D. raillardioides, Polyscias oahuensis, Melicope clusiifolia, Freyc Preserved_Specimen Shrub, 2-3 meters long, cyathial glands purple-red, in flower and early fruit, scandent along fernland-shrubland ridge to east of communications tower, ca 10 plants in area, Wood, K.R. 16381 Kauai BISH 2015-03-27
25 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Shrub on crest of ridge in thick tangle of Dicranopteris fern. Associated with Metrosideros, Santalum, Exocarpos. Preserved_Specimen Flower reddish with white center, fruit green. Gagné, W.C. 560 Kauai BISH 1970-08-27
26 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros lowland wet forest bordered by steep slopes of Dicranopteris and Diplopteryglum matting ferns with Antidesma platyphyllum var. hillebrandii, Syzyglum sandwicensis, Cheirodendron forbesii, Ilex anomala, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Dubautia knudsenii, Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Kadua affinis. Preserved_Specimen Shrub, up to 3 meters long scandent in surrounding shrub-fernland, cyathial dark purple or red, in flower and fruit, leaves with purple-red costa, about 50 plants in immediate area, mapped. Wood, K.R. 17413 Kauai BISH 2017-05-18
27 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rain forest. Preserved_Specimen Small tree. Ht. 3 m. MacDaniels, L.H. 667 Kauai BISH 1927-02-11
28 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet Metrosideros-Dicranopteris-Diplopterygium-windswept ridge W/ Metrosideros polymorpha, Myrsine linearifloia, Exocarpus, Diplopterygium, Pritchardia flynnii, Euphorbia celastroides, Ilex anomala, Melicope feddei, M. clusiifolia, Elaeocarpus bifidus, Psychotria. Preserved_Specimen Scandent shrub. White sap. Leaves dark purple. Flowers single. Fruit glabrous Tangalin, N. 2135 Kauai BISH 2009-08-06
29 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosidero polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis wet forest Anidesma platyphylla, Ilex anomala, Polyscias waialeale, Scaevola goudichaudiana, Bobea brevipes, Psychotria mariniana, Cyanea kahiliensis weeds; Psisium cattleianum Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3 meter ht with flowers Perlman, S. 23459 Kauai BISH 2013-05-21
30 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Shrub growing near bottom of gulch, just above Kukui zone. Associated with Pisonia, Pittosporum, Aleurites. Preserved_Specimen Shrub. Gagné, W.C. 539 Kauai BISH 1970-08-22
31 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Assoc. with Antidesma platyphyllum, Eugenia sandwicensis, Euphorbia multiformis sparsiflora, Dicranopteris, Pelea sp. Preserved_Specimen Plant about 15 tall. Gustafson, R. 1044 Kauai BISH 1978-11-25
32 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron mixed wet forest with matting ferns of Diplopterygium & Dicanopteris w/ Broussaisia arguta, Touchardia latifolia, Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Antidesma platyphylla, Kadua affinis, Melicope wawraena, Vaccinium calycinum, Coprosma kauaense, Dubautia laxa, D. pale Preserved_Specimen shrub, scandent along ridge line, 1.5 m long, stems gray-brown, mapped Wood, K.R. 15654 Kauai BISH 2013-08-28
33 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moderately rainy shrubby ridge. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling 1 1/2 - 3 ft high bush. Degener, O. 12626 Kauai BISH 1939-12-31
34 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Lower ridge in diverse forest of Metrosideros, Acacia, Canthium, Cyanea, Bidens, Myrsine and Dicranopteris with rather stunted vegetation on the windward slopes of the ridge. With Sida, Styphelia, Myrsine, and Metrosideros. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling shrub on ridge top. Leaves dark, glossy green above, whitish-green below. Flynn, T.W. 3146 Kauai BISH 1988-09-21
35 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Shrub. Perlman, S. 478 Kauai BISH 1979-08-13
36 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Sp. w. large lvs. Stone, B.C. 3724 Kauai BISH 1911-08-11
37 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Large shrub w/ red-midrib lvs above edges of bog. Stone, B.C. 1649 Kauai BISH 1957-01-02
38 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Shrub. Perlman, S. 478 Kauai BISH 1979-08-13
39 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen A rather common scandent shrub with reddish foliar midribs. Herbst, D.R. 2082 Kauai BISH 1971-08-23
40 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Sprawling shrub, stems ca 1.5 m long. Wagner, W.L. 6291 Kauai BISH 1989-11-21
41 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 197 Kauai BISH 1970-04-16
42 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 1050 Kauai BISH 1922-10-31
43 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 177 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
44 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Kauai BISH
45 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2852 Kauai BISH 1972-12-15
46 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 456 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
47 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4983 Kauai BISH 1983-08-27
48 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1043 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
49 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 30238 Kauai BISH 1926-07-03
50 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 10 Kauai BISH 1909-07-08
51 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 478 Kauai BISH 1910-02-01
52 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 10 Kauai BISH 1909-07-08
53 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8085 Kauai BISH 1926-07-03
54 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. Kauai BISH 1952-01-16
55 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Montgomery, S.L. Kauai BISH 1985-07-11
56 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH
57 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH
58 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Montgomery, S.L. Kauai BISH 1985-07-11
59 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH
60 Euphorbia remyi var. remyi Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH
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